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The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [2] It consists of the cerebral peduncles , tegmentum , and tectum . It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation.
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain .
The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon (for German anatomist Johann Christian Reil), is a large ascending bundle of heavily myelinated axons that decussate in the brainstem, specifically in the medulla oblongata.
Cross-section of the midbrain. Tectum. Corpora quadrigemina. Inferior colliculi; Superior colliculi; Pretectum; Tegmentum. Periaqueductal gray; Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus; Midbrain reticular formation; Dorsal raphe nucleus; Red nucleus; Ventral tegmental area. Parabrachial pigmented nucleus; Paranigral ...
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a prominent bundle of nerve fibres which pass within the ventral/anterior portion of periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain). [1] It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal , responsible for oculomotor control, head posture, and vertical eye movement.
The ventral tegmental area is in the midbrain between several other major areas, some of which are described here. The mammillary bodies and the posterior hypothalamus, both included in the diencephalon, extend rostrally from the VTA. The red nucleus is situated laterally and oculomotor fibers are situated ventromedially to the VTA. [5]
Section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi. Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view. Superior colliculus labeled in blue. The superior colliculus is a paired structure of the dorsal midbrain and is part of the midbrain tectum. The two superior colliculi are situated inferior/caudal to the pineal gland and the splenium of corpus ...
The midbrain tegmentum is also an important part of the dopaminergic system which is essential for feelings of reward and pleasure. Two regions in the midbrain tegmentum are of particular interest. The first one is the substantia nigra which is an important part of the nigrostriatal pathway. This pathway serves to coordinate motor movements and ...