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  2. Summation (neurophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summation_(neurophysiology)

    Basic ways that neurons can interact with each other when converting input to output. Summation, which includes both spatial summation and temporal summation, is the process that determines whether or not an action potential will be generated by the combined effects of excitatory and inhibitory signals, both from multiple simultaneous inputs (spatial summation), and from repeated inputs ...

  3. Neurotransmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmission

    Temporal summation means that the effects of impulses received at the same place can add up if the impulses are received in close temporal succession. Thus the neuron may fire when multiple impulses are received, even if each impulse on its own would not be sufficient to cause firing.

  4. Length constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_constant

    The greater the value of the length constant, the further the potential will travel. A large length constant can contribute to spatial summation—the electrical addition of one potential with potentials from adjacent areas of the cell. The length constant can be defined as: = +

  5. Synaptic potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_potential

    The two ways that synaptic potentials can add up to potentially form an action potential are spatial summation and temporal summation. [5] Spatial summation refers to several excitatory stimuli from different synapses converging on the same postsynaptic neuron at the same time to reach the threshold needed to reach an action potential.

  6. Shunting (neurophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunting_(neurophysiology)

    According to temporal summation one would expect the inhibitory and excitatory currents to be summed linearly to describe the resulting current entering the cell. However, when inhibitory and excitatory currents are on the soma of the cell, the inhibitory current causes the cell resistance to change (making the cell "leakier"), thereby ...

  7. What states passed school choice measures in 2024, and what's ...

    www.aol.com/states-passed-school-choice-measures...

    (The Center Square) – While many states expanded and adopted school choice programs in 2024, some advocates are excited about new education options for families in 2025 – made possible because ...

  8. Gibbs phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_phenomenon

    Since the Gibbs phenomenon comes from undershooting, it may be eliminated by using kernels that are never negative, such as the Fejér kernel. [12] [13]In practice, the difficulties associated with the Gibbs phenomenon can be ameliorated by using a smoother method of Fourier series summation, such as Fejér summation or Riesz summation, or by using sigma-approximation.

  9. Insufficient sleep and high blood pressure may raise risk of ...

    www.aol.com/insufficient-sleep-high-blood...

    People with high blood pressure who slept for shorter durations were more likely to show poor cognitive function and increased levels of markers of brain aging and injury, a new study has found.