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One implementation can be described as arranging the data sequence in a two-dimensional array and then sorting the columns of the array using insertion sort. The worst-case time complexity of Shellsort is an open problem and depends on the gap sequence used, with known complexities ranging from O ( n 2 ) to O ( n 4/3 ) and Θ( n log 2 n ).
In computer science, smoothsort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm.A variant of heapsort, it was invented and published by Edsger Dijkstra in 1981. [1] Like heapsort, smoothsort is an in-place algorithm with an upper bound of O(n log n) operations (see big O notation), [2] but it is not a stable sort.
The next pass, 3-sorting, performs insertion sort on the three subarrays (a 1, a 4, a 7, a 10), (a 2, a 5, a 8, a 11), (a 3, a 6, a 9, a 12). The last pass, 1-sorting, is an ordinary insertion sort of the entire array (a 1,..., a 12). As the example illustrates, the subarrays that Shellsort operates on are initially short; later they are longer ...
In such cases, the same sorting methods can be used to sort the structures according to some key as a structure element; for example, sorting records of students according to roll numbers or names or grades. If one is using a sorted dynamic array, then it is possible to insert and delete elements.
The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear running time (i.e., O(n)).During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array.
Cocktail shaker sort or bidirectional bubble sort, a bubble sort traversing the list alternately from front to back and back to front; Comb sort; Gnome sort; Odd–even sort; Quicksort: divide list into two, with all items on the first list coming before all items on the second list.; then sort the two lists. Often the method of choice
The heapsort algorithm can be divided into two phases: heap construction, and heap extraction. The heap is an implicit data structure which takes no space beyond the array of objects to be sorted; the array is interpreted as a complete binary tree where each array element is a node and each node's parent and child links are defined by simple arithmetic on the array indexes.
As another example, many sorting algorithms rearrange arrays into sorted order in-place, including: bubble sort, comb sort, selection sort, insertion sort, heapsort, and Shell sort. These algorithms require only a few pointers, so their space complexity is O(log n). [1] Quicksort operates in-place on the data to be sorted.