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A thyroidectomy is an operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. In general surgery , endocrine or head and neck surgeons often perform a thyroidectomy when a patient has thyroid cancer or some other condition of the thyroid gland (such as hyperthyroidism ) or goiter.
A large majority of the thyroid may be removed (subtotal thyroidectomy) to treat the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease, or to remove a goiter that is unsightly or impinges on vital structures. [citation needed] A complete thyroidectomy of the entire thyroid, including associated lymph nodes, is the preferred treatment for thyroid cancer.
One well-conducted study of patients with troublesome general symptoms and with anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) levels greater than 1000 IU/ml (normal <100 IU/ml) showed that total thyroidectomy caused the symptoms to resolve and median anti-thyroid peroxidase levels to reduce from 2232 to 152 IU/mL, [5] [110] but post-operative complications ...
Pregnancy is advised to be delayed for six months after radioactive iodine treatment. [27] Both bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy and the Hartley-Dunhill procedure (hemithyroidectomy on one side and partial lobectomy on other side) are possible. Advantages are immediate cure and potential removal of carcinoma.
Post-operative complications at high-volume thyroid surgery centers with experienced surgeons are comparable to that of hemithyroidectomy. Arguments for hemithyroidectomy: Most patients have low-risk cancer with an excellent prognosis, with similar survival outcomes in low-risk patients who undergo total thyroidectomy versus hemithyroidectomy.
After several case reports in the 18th and 19th centuries, periodic paralysis was first described in full by the German neurologist Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833–1890) in 1885. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In 1926 the Japanese physician Tetsushiro Shinosaki, from Fukuoka , observed the high rate of thyroid disease in Japanese people with periodic paralysis.
Post-surgery radioactive iodine does not reduce recurrence in those with low risk thyroid cancer. [10] Patients with medullary, anaplastic, and most Hurthle-cell cancers do not benefit from this therapy. [14] External irradiation may be used when the cancer is unresectable, when it recurs after resection, or to relieve pain from bone metastasis ...
Operations involve removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) either as a part of the gland (lobectomy or hemithyroidectomy), or the whole gland (total thyroidectomy). Incomplete resections (sub-total or near total thyroidectomy) are also infrequently performed, but are disfavored by most surgeons [citation needed].