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Naikan (Japanese: 内観, lit. ' introspection ') is a structured method of self-reflection developed by Yoshimoto Ishin (1916–1988) in the 1940s. [1] The practice is based around asking oneself three questions about a person in one's life: [2]
Self-reflection is the ability to witness and evaluate one's own cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. In psychology , other terms used for this self-observation include "reflective awareness" and "reflective consciousness", which originate from the work of William James .
Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and self-discovery and is contrasted with external observation. It generally provides a privileged access to one's own mental states, [3] not mediated by other sources of knowledge, so that individual experience of the mind is unique. Introspection can determine any number of mental ...
This heightened activation is often linked to persistent negative self-focused thoughts. While the medial frontal gyrus plays a role in self-awareness, it also demonstrates altered activity in depression that drives maladaptive self-reflection patterns, furthering the emotional distress and inability to shift focus from negative thoughts.
The Mind's I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul is a 1981 collection of essays and other texts about the nature of the mind and the self, edited with commentary by philosophers Douglas R. Hofstadter and Daniel C. Dennett. The texts range from early philosophical and fictional musings on a subject that could seemingly only be examined ...
It is linked to mental health benefits. They include higher self-esteem and well-being as well as reducing the effects of depression and personality disorders. It is associated with lower stress levels and a reduced risk of self-harm and suicide. [81] The effects of positive and negative self-talk are often discussed in sport psychology. A ...
In one of the most arresting sequences, Joy, Fear, Anger, and Disgust discover Anxiety directing an army of “mind workers” to conjure worst-case scenarios.
Level 5—Self-consciousness or "meta" self-awareness: At this level not only is the self seen from a first person view but it is realized that it is also seen from a third person's view. A person who develops self consciousness begins to understand they can be in the mind of others: for instance, how they are seen from a public standpoint.