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Magnetic fields surround magnetized materials, electric currents, and electric fields varying in time. Since both strength and direction of a magnetic field may vary with location, it is described mathematically by a function assigning a vector to each point of space, called a vector field (more precisely, a pseudovector field).
The definitions for monopoles are of theoretical interest, although real magnetic dipoles can be described using pole strengths. There are two possible units for monopole strength, Wb (Weber) and A m (Ampere metre). Dimensional analysis shows that magnetic charges relate by q m (Wb) = μ 0 q m (Am).
For example, an electromagnetic field has both electric field strength and magnetic field strength. As an application, in radio frequency telecommunications, the signal strength excites a receiving antenna and thereby induces a voltage at a specific frequency and polarization in order to provide an input signal to a radio receiver.
In Maxwell's 1861 paper 'On Physical Lines of Force', [13] magnetic field strength H was directly equated with pure vorticity (spin), whereas B was a weighted vorticity that was weighted for the density of the vortex sea. Maxwell considered magnetic permeability μ to be a measure of the density of the vortex sea. Hence the relationship,
More precisely, the term magnetic moment normally refers to a system's magnetic dipole moment, which produces the first term in the multipole expansion [note 1] of a general magnetic field. Both the torque and force exerted on a magnet by an external magnetic field are proportional to that magnet's magnetic moment.
Similarly, if only the magnetic field (B) is non-zero and is constant in time, the field is said to be a magnetostatic field. However, if either the electric or magnetic field has a time-dependence, then both fields must be considered together as a coupled electromagnetic field using Maxwell's equations .
In the electric and magnetic field formulation there are four equations that determine the fields for given charge and current distribution. A separate law of nature, the Lorentz force law, describes how the electric and magnetic fields act on charged particles and currents. By convention, a version of this law in the original equations by ...
magnetic flux density, magnetic induction: tesla: T = Wb/m 2 = N⋅A −1 ⋅m −1: kg⋅s −2 ⋅A −1: Φ, Φ M, Φ B magnetic flux: weber: Wb = V⋅s kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2 ⋅A −1: H magnetic field strength ampere per metre: A/m A⋅m −1: F magnetomotive force: ampere: A = Wb/H A R magnetic reluctance: inverse henry: H −1 = A/Wb kg − ...
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