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Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (c. 154 BC [1] – 121 BC) was a reformist Roman politician and soldier who lived during the 2nd century BC. He is most famous for his tribunate for the years 123 and 122 BC, in which he proposed a wide set of laws, including laws to establish colonies outside of Italy, engage in further land reform, reform the judicial system and system for provincial assignments ...
A decade later, Gaius Gracchus' reforms, among other things, attempted to buttress Tiberius' land commission and start Roman colonisation outside of Italy. They also were far more broad, touching on many topics such as assignment of provincial commands, composition of juries for the permanent courts, and letting of state tax farming contracts.
A lex Sempronia is a Roman law proposed by a member of the gens Sempronia. The most famous of these laws are those passed by the Gracchi brothers: especially the land reform law passed by Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus in 133 BC and the grain dole later passed by Tiberius' brother Gaius Sempronius Gracchus.
Tiberius Gracchus – the tribune who initiated the reforms in 133 BC, but was murdered by the Senate. Gaius Gracchus – his brother, who tried to resume Tiberius' reforms in 123 BC, but was also murdered in 121. The agrarian reform law required the transfer of land from the wealthy landowners to Rome's poorer citizens.
The decree was a statement of the senate advising the magistrates (usually the consuls and praetors) to defend the state. [2]The senatus consultum ultimum was related to a series of other emergency decrees that the republic could resort to in a crisis, such as decrees to levy soldiers, shut down public business, or declare people to be public enemies.
Such a scheme may have been incipient during Gaius Gracchus' plebeian tribunate (c. 122 BC); according to Plutarch, Gracchus passed a law to abolish deductions from soldier pay for clothing. The Italian historian Emilio Gabba argued, for example, that Plutarch's text could be emended from merely encompassing clothing to equipment more generally ...
A decade later, Gaius too was plebeian tribune and proposed in his year much more wide-ranging reforms that also led to his death. Tiberius and his brother Gaius are known collectively as the Gracchi brothers. The date of Tiberius' death marks the traditional start of the Roman Republic's decline and eventual collapse.
Gaius Sempronius Gracchus addressing the Plebeian Council. The gens Sempronia was one of the most ancient and noble houses of ancient Rome.Although the oldest branch of this gens was patrician, with Aulus Sempronius Atratinus obtaining the consulship in 497 BC, the thirteenth year of the Republic, but from the time of the Samnite Wars onward, most if not all of the Sempronii appearing in ...