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Poliomyelitis (/ ˌ p oʊ l i oʊ ˌ m aɪ ə ˈ l aɪ t ɪ s / POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. [1] Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; [5] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.
A child receives oral polio vaccine during a 2002 campaign to immunize children in India. Poliovirus. Polio eradication, the goal of permanent global cessation of circulation of the poliovirus and hence elimination of the poliomyelitis (polio) it causes, is the aim of a multinational public health effort begun in 1988, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's ...
However, under conditions of long-term vaccine virus circulation in under-vaccinated populations, mutations can reactivate the virus to produce a polio-inducing strain, while OPV can also, in rare circumstances, induce polio or persistent asymptomatic infection in vaccinated individuals, particularly those who are immunodeficient. IPV, being ...
The epidemics ended with the introduction of the oral polio vaccine in 1962. – What is an iron lung? An iron lung is a respirator which stimulates breathing by enclosing a person’s body and ...
Most cases of polio are asymptomatic, while about 1 out of every 4 people will experience flu-like symptoms, including sore throat, fever, fatigue, nausea, headache and stomach pain, which ...
After the vaccines — there are two: trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), introduced in 1955, and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in 1963 — the number of polio cases ...
The second vaccine, an oral polio vaccine (OPV), is a live-attenuated vaccine, produced by the passage of the virus through non-human cells at a sub-physiological temperature. The passage of virus produces mutations within the viral genome, and hinders the virus's ability to infect nervous tissue. [6]
Non-polio enteroviruses, like EV-D68, cause about 10 to 15 million infections and tens of thousands of hospitalizations each year across the US. EV-D68 was first identified in California in the ...