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Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a Lancefield group C streptococcus that was first isolated in 1934 by P. R. Edwards, and named Animal pyogens A. [1] It is a mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen that infects several animals and humans, but most commonly isolated from the uterus of mares.
Horses that develop purpura haemorrhagica usually have a recent history of strangles (infection with Streptococcus equi subsp. equi) or vaccination (intramuscular or intranasal) for strangles. It is thought to be caused by an auto-immune reaction where antibodies against the S. equi M- or R-protein cross-react with proteins on endothelial cells.
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, prevalent in horses, is also present in guinea pigs, pigs, monkeys, and various other animals, including dogs, cats, ferrets, and birds. [15] Additionally, Streptococcus suis mainly affects suids but can be found in other animals like cattle, sheep, goats, and chickens, with different genotypes found in ...
Streptococcus equinus is a Gram-positive, nonhemolytic, nonpathogenic, lactic acid bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. [5] It is the principal Streptococcus found in the alimentary canal of a horse, [6] and makes up the majority of the bacterial flora in horse feces. [7] Equivalence with Streptococcus bovis has been contested. [4]
Group A strep, aka group A Streptococcus, is a bacteria that can cause a range of infections, according to the CDC. Those include strep throat, impetigo, and cellulitis. Those include strep throat ...
Main Streptococcus groups are included as "Strep." at bottom left. In clinical practice, the most common groups of Streptococcus can be distinguished by simple bench tests, such as the PYR test for group A streptococcus. There are also latex agglutination kits which can distinguish each of the main groups seen in clinical practice.
A 2022 review looked at results from the STEP (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity) clinical trial programs. It found that people taking a 2.4-milligram semaglutide injection had ...
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