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Inky Mushroom phenol and xanthodermin: Europe Edible Agaricus species Agaricus phaeolepidotus: phenol and xanthodermin: Europe Edible Agaricus species Agaricus placomyces: phenol and xanthodermin: North America and Europe Edible Agaricus species Agaricus xanthodermus [1] [3] Yellow-staining mushroom phenol and xanthodermin [4] [5] worldwide ...
All That the Rain Promises, and More... is a wild mushroom identification and field guide by American mycologist David Arora and published in 1991 by Ten Speed Press in Berkeley, California. The book includes detailed descriptions of more than 200 edible and poisonous mushroom species, as well as recipes, stories, and information on uses of ...
Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking. Amanita phalloides is the most poisonous of all known mushrooms. [6] [7] [8] It is estimated that as little as half a mushroom contains enough toxin to kill an adult human. [9]
"Poisonous mushrooms will turn rice red when boiled." [17] – A number of Laotian refugees were hospitalized after eating mushrooms (probably toxic Russula species) deemed safe by this folklore rule and this misconception cost at least one person her life. [43] [44] "Poisonous mushrooms have a pointed cap. Edible ones have a flat, rounded cap."
Failure to identify poisonous mushrooms and confusing them with edible ones has resulted in death. [25] [26] [27] Although in the 21st century primitive digital applications exist to aid with identification, these are unreliable and some inexperienced hunters relying upon them have been seriously poisoned. [28]
The very recognizable fly agaric. The genus Amanita was first published with its current meaning by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797. [1] Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Persoon's concept of Amanita, with Amanita muscaria (L.) Pers. as the type species, has been officially conserved against the older Amanita Boehm (1760), which is considered a synonym of Agaricus L. [2]
Although many people have a fear of mushroom poisoning by "toadstools", only a small number of the many macroscopic fruiting bodies commonly known as mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans. This list is not exhaustive and does not contain many fungi that, although not deadly, are still harmful.
While Amanita mushrooms are unscheduled in the United States, the sale of Amanita products exists in a legal gray area as they are listed as a poison by the FDA [99] and are not approved to be used in dietary supplements, with some drawing comparisons to the controversial legal status of hemp-derived cannabinoids. [98] [100]