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The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American. [1] The last of the Jim Crow laws were generally overturned in 1965. [2]
The term Jim Crow economy applies to a specific set of economic conditions in the United States during the period when the Jim Crow laws were in effect to force racial segregation; however, it should also be taken as an attempt to disentangle the economic ramifications from the politico-legal ramifications of "separate but equal" de jure segregation, to consider how the economic impacts might ...
But its residents knew white people could use violence to enforce Jim Crow elsewhere. In 1955, Mamie Till-Mobley stayed in the town during breaks in the trial of two white men accused of torturing ...
Collectively, these state laws were called the Jim Crow system, after the name of a stereotypical 1830s black minstrel show character. [79] Sometimes, as in Florida's Constitution of 1885, segregation was mandated by state constitutions. Racial segregation became the law in most parts of the American South until the Civil Rights Movement in
Jim Crow laws were enacted over several decades after the end of post-Civil War Reconstruction in the late 19th century and formally ended with passage of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting ...
The legislature also passed Jim Crow laws establishing racial segregation in public facilities and transportation. The effect in North Carolina was the complete elimination of black voters from voter rolls by 1904. Contemporary accounts estimated that seventy-five thousand black male citizens lost the vote.
Today we remember the product of this Christian nationalist movement as Jim Crow, the brutal and repressive set of laws and practices that structured American life from the 1890s through the 1960s ...
On the other hand, most laws used a "one drop of blood" criteria to the effect that one Black ancestor legally put a person in the Black category. [97] Legal segregation was imposed only in schooling, and marriage, but that changed in 1880s when new Jim Crow laws mandated the physical separation of the races in public places. [98]