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The Canyon Diablo meteorite refers to the many fragments of the asteroid that created Meteor Crater (also called Barringer Crater), [3] Arizona, United States. Meteorites have been found around the crater rim, and are named for nearby Canyon Diablo , which lies about three to four miles west of the crater.
The collection of meteorites began in 1934 when William Andrews Clark, Jr. donated a 357 lb (162 kg) fragment of the Canyon Diablo meteorite, now known as the Clark Iron. Over time, the collection grew to include over 2,400 samples from about 1,500 different meteorites. [1] The collection holds forty mostly complete meteorites. [2]
Fragment of the Canyon Diablo meteorite. In 1929, astronomer F.R. Moulton was employed by the Barringer Crater Company to investigate the physics of the impact event. Moulton concluded that the impactor likely weighed as little as 300,000 tonnes, and that the impact of such a body would have generated enough heat to vaporize the impactor instantly.
Lonsdaleite was first identified in 1967 from the Canyon Diablo meteorite, where it occurs as microscopic crystals associated with ordinary diamond. [5] [6] It is translucent and brownish-yellow and has an index of refraction of 2.40–2.41 and a specific gravity of 3.2–3.3 .
The most famous troilite-containing meteorite is Canyon Diablo. Canyon Diablo Troilite (CDT) is used as a standard of relative concentration of different isotopes of sulfur. [11] Meteoritic standard was chosen because of the constancy of the sulfur isotopic ratio in meteorites, whereas the sulfur isotopic composition in Earth materials varies ...
Etched slice of a Canyon Diablo meteorite showing a Widmanstätten pattern. The methods used to reveal the Widmanstätten pattern on iron meteorites vary. Most commonly, the slice is ground and polished, cleaned, etched with a chemical such as nitric acid or ferric chloride, washed, and dried. [14] [15]
Consequently, the meteorite that caused the crater is officially called the Canyon Diablo meteorite. [2] Canyon Diablo ("devil canyon") is the Spanish translation of the Native American name. [3] The Canyon Diablo Bridge, once used by U.S. Route 66 to cross the canyon south of the present I-40 bridges, is on the National Register of Historic ...
A new double track railroad bridge was completed across the Canyon in 1947. What remains today at Canyon Diablo are a few building foundations, the grave marker and grave of Herman Wolfe, the ruins of the trading post, a railroad siding and a double track railroad bridge. Canyon Diablo's population was 30 in 1890, [5] 29 in 1900, [6] and 36 in ...