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The movable frames allow the beekeeper to manage the bees in a way which was formerly impossible. The key innovation responsible for the hive's design was the discovery of bee space, a gap size between 6.4 and 9.5 mm (1 ⁄ 4 and 3 ⁄ 8 in) in which bees would not build burr comb, nor fill the gap with propolis.
In its original form, the National hive provides 3 ⁄ 8 in (9.5 mm) bottom beespace—that is, the top surface of the frame bar is flush with the top of the box, and the lower surface of the frame is one bee space above the bottom of the box. Thus, when two boxes are stacked atop one another, there is exactly one beespace vertically between ...
The colors usually are used to distinguish types of frames within a manufacture's product line (example: green for frames with drone size foundation cells). [7] Queen rearing frames: Specialty frames such as cell bar frames are used to raise new queens. The queen cups are attached vertically to bars to encourage bees to build queen cells.
A honey super consists of a box in which 8–10 frames are hung. Western honeybees collect nectar and store the processed nectar in honeycomb, which they build on the frames. When the honeycomb is full, the bees will reduce the moisture content of the honey to 17-18% moisture content before capping the comb with beeswax.
The frames hold the honeycomb formed by the bees with beeswax. Eight or ten frames side by side (depending on the size of the box) will fill the hive body and leave the right amount of bee space between each frame and between the end frames and the hive body.
A nuc hive has all the features of a standard 10 frame Langstroth hive, except for a reduced width.A typical nuc has 5 Langstroth frames arranged side-by-side. Nucs can also be created using other hive dimensions, with the British modified national hive being the most common in the United Kingdom. According to FERA's (Food and Environment Research Agency) National Bee Unit
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