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The definition of cable-stayed bridge deck length used here is: A continuous part of the bridge deck that is supported only by stay-cables and pylons, or are free spans. This means that columns supporting the side span as for example found in Pont de Normandie , excludes most of the side span decks from the cable-stayed deck length.
The double arrangement places pairs of columns on both sides of the deck. Examples: Øresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden , and Zolotoy Bridge in Russia . The portal is similar to the double arrangement but has a third member connecting the tops of the two columns to form a door-like shape or portal.
Some viaducts have more than one deck, such that one deck has vehicular traffic and another deck carries rail traffic. One example of this is the Prince Edward Viaduct in Toronto, Canada, that carries motor traffic on the top deck as Bloor Street, and metro as the Bloor-Danforth subway line on the lower deck, over the steep Don River valley ...
An example of a catenary-shaped suspended structure is the Eero Saarinen designed Dulles International Airport. The roof of the structure is made up of suspension cable which stretches across angled concrete columns. In the design of Dulles airport, the floor, the columns and the roof all work together to allow the walls and ceiling to float. [6]
If deck space is available, homeowners may choose to include for the seating, outdoor couches and benches. Larger buildings may also have decks on the upper floors of the building which can be open to the public as observation decks or greeneries. A deck is also the surface used to construct a boardwalk over sand on barrier islands.
Cast iron was also used as the principle support structure for seaside piers, with multiple slender columns able to support long decks of wrought iron and wood, and later large halls and pavilions; engineer Eugenius Birch built the first, Margate Pier in 1855, followed by at least 14 piers in Britain in the 1860s–80s, and many more in Europe.
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