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5G is a major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G/IMT Advanced standards. NGMN Alliance or Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance define 5G network requirements as: Data rates of several tens of megabits per second (Mbit/s) should be supported for tens of thousands of users.
Specific requirements of the IMT-Advanced report included: Based on an all-IP packet switched network. [4]Interoperability with existing wireless standards. [5]A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while the client and station are in relatively fixed positions.
However, the speed and latency in early FR1 deployments, using 5G NR software on 4G hardware (non-standalone), are only slightly better than new 4G systems, estimated at 15 to 50% better. [36] [37] [38] The standard documents are organized by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), [39] [40] with its system architecture defined in TS 23.501 ...
It is an upgrade from Wi-Fi 5 , with improvements for better performance in crowded places. Wi-Fi 6 covers frequencies in license-exempt bands between 1 and 7.125 GHz, including the commonly used 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, as well as the broader 6 GHz band .
5G Spectrum: mmWave, sub-6 GHz, 5G/4G spectrum sharing; 5G Modes: FDD, TDD, SA (standalone), NSA (non-standalone) 5G mmWave specs: 800 MHz bandwidth, 8 carriers, 2x2 MIMO; 5G sub-6 GHz specs: 200 MHz bandwidth, 4x4 MIMO; 5G Peak Download Speed: 7500 Mbit/s; 5G Peak Upload Speed: 3000 Mbit/s; 5G RF: 100 MHz envelope tracking, Adaptive antenna tuning
4G: OFDMA: LTE: Digital: 2009 Worldwide SIM card: None Smaller cells and lower coverage on the S band. Very low density Hard No (data only) Voice possible through VoLTE or fallback to 2G/3G 5G: OFDMA: NR: Digital: 2018 Limited SIM card: None Dense cells on millimeter waves. Very low density Hard No (data only) Voice possible through VoNR
Later 2G releases in the GSM space, often referred to as 2.5G and 2.75G, include General Packet Radio Service and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution . GPRS allows 2G networks to achieve a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 40 kbit/s (5 kB/s). EDGE increases this capacity, providing a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s).
By reducing the original signal rate to 1 ⁄ 4 or 1 ⁄ 2, the link speed drops to 2.5 or 5 Gbit/s, respectively. [5] The spectral bandwidth of the signal is reduced accordingly, lowering the requirements on the cabling, so that 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T can be deployed at a cable length of up to 100 m on Cat 5e or better cables.