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Carbon dioxide cleaning was contemplated in the 1930s, and the "pellet" approach was developed in the 1970s by E.E. Rice, C.H. Franklin, and C.C. Wong. [4]: 276 The introduction of CO 2 snow cleaning, with its ability to remove sub-micron-scale particles, is credited to Stuart Hoenig of the University of Arizona , who first published on the ...
Each of these steps may take place in its own bath, chamber, or, in case of spray cleaning, in its own zone (line or multi-chamber equipment). But often these steps may have a single chamber into which the respective media are pumped in (single chamber plant). Cleaning media plays an important role as it removes the contaminants from the substrate.
An ORVR carbon-filled canister (installed on modern vehicles) is designed to capture fuel vapors displaced while refueling, and then to inject them into the intake manifold later on, so that they are burned along with the regular fuel, during normal engine operation.
The largest part of most combustion gas is nitrogen (N 2), water vapor (H 2 O) (except with pure-carbon fuels), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) (except for fuels without carbon); these are not toxic or noxious (although water vapor and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change).
Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any one of various substances used for the lubrication of internal combustion engines. They typically consist of base oils enhanced with various additives, particularly antiwear additives , detergents, dispersants , and, for multi-grade oils, viscosity index improvers .
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The composition of the particles varies widely dependent upon engine type, age, and the emissions specification that the engine was designed to meet. Two-stroke diesel engines produce more particulate per unit of power than do four-stroke diesel engines, as they burn the fuel-air mix less completely.