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  2. Intel 5-level paging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_5-level_paging

    4-level paging of the 64-bit mode. In the 4-level paging scheme (previously known as IA-32e paging), the 64-bit virtual memory address is divided into five parts. The lowest 12 bits contain the offset within the 4 KiB memory page, and the following 36 bits are evenly divided between the four 9 bit descriptors, each linking to a 64-bit page table entry in a 512-entry page table for each of the ...

  3. Commit charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commit_charge

    In the same display, the "Mem Usage" column in Windows XP and Server 2003, or the "Working Set (Memory)" column in Windows Vista and later, shows each process's current working set. This is a count of physical memory (RAM) rather than virtual address space. It represents the subset of the process's virtual address space that is valid, meaning ...

  4. Physical Address Extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Address_Extension

    However, "client" versions of 32-bit Windows (Windows XP SP2 and later, Windows Vista, Windows 7) limit physical address space to the first 4 GB for driver compatibility [16] even though these versions do run in PAE mode if NX support is enabled. Windows 8 and later releases will only run on processors which support PAE, in addition to NX and SSE2.

  5. Virtual address space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_address_space

    In computing, a virtual address space (VAS) or address space is the set of ranges of virtual addresses that an operating system makes available to a process. [1] The range of virtual addresses usually starts at a low address and can extend to the highest address allowed by the computer's instruction set architecture and supported by the operating system's pointer size implementation, which can ...

  6. 64-bit computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit_computing

    The ARM AArch64 Virtual Memory System Architecture allows from 48 to 56 bits for virtual memory and, for any given processor, from 32 to 56 bits for physical memory. [ 32 ] The DEC Alpha specification requires minimum of 43 bits of virtual memory address space (8 TB) to be supported, and hardware need to check and trap if the remaining ...

  7. Memory paging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_paging

    A few computers have a main memory larger than the virtual address space of a process, such as the Magic-1, [34] some PDP-11 machines, and some systems using 32-bit x86 processors with Physical Address Extension. This nullifies a significant advantage of paging, since a single process cannot use more main memory than the amount of its virtual ...

  8. Page table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_table

    But, we can get around the excessive space concerns by putting the page table in virtual memory, and letting the virtual memory system manage the memory for the page table. However, part of this linear page table structure must always stay resident in physical memory in order to prevent circular page faults and look for a key part of the page ...

  9. Thrashing (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrashing_(computer_science)

    Thrashing occurs when there are too many pages in memory, and each page refers to another page. Real memory reduces its capacity to contain all the pages, so it uses 'virtual memory'. When each page in execution demands that page that is not currently in real memory (RAM) it places some pages on virtual memory and adjusts the required page on RAM.