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The Gaddum equation is a further generalisation of the Hill-equation, incorporating the presence of a reversible competitive antagonist. [1] The Gaddum equation is derived similarly to the Hill-equation but with 2 equilibria: both the ligand with the receptor and the antagonist with the receptor.
The development of the classic theory of drug antagonism by Gaddum, Schild and Arunlakshana built on the work of Langley, Hill and Clark. [12] Gaddum described a model for the competitive binding of two ligands to the same receptor in short communication to The Physiological Society in 1937.
This is the Hill-Langmuir equation, which is practically the Hill equation described for the agonist binding. In chemistry, this relationship is called the Langmuir equation , which describes the adsorption of molecules onto sites of a surface (see adsorption ).
PK/PD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model. [5] However, if a delay is observed between the drug administration and the drug effect, a temporal dissociation needs to be taken into account and more complex models exist: [6] [7] Direct vs Indirect link PK/PD models
If the enzyme is irreversible the equation turns into the simple Michaelis-Menten equation that is irreversible. When setting the equilibrium constant to infinity, the equation can be seen to revert to the simpler case where the product inhibits the reverse step. A comparison has been made between the MWC and reversible Hill equation. [9]
Hill's equation is an important example in the understanding of periodic differential equations. Depending on the exact shape of (), solutions may stay bounded for all time, or the amplitude of the oscillations in solutions may grow exponentially. [3] The precise form of the solutions to Hill's equation is described by Floquet theory. Solutions ...
"Soup or Salad" is a webcomic series created by Tom Mike Hill. It's a slice-of-life and comedy comic centered on the mild adventures of characters Ken and Russell. The series is hosted on ...
The evolution of oxygen during the light-dependent steps in photosynthesis (Hill reaction) was proposed and proven by British biochemist Robin Hill. He demonstrated that isolated chloroplasts would make oxygen (O 2) but not fix carbon dioxide (CO 2). This is evidence that the light and dark reactions occur at different sites within the cell. [1 ...