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The tun (Old English: tunne, Latin: tunellus, Medieval Latin: tunna) is an English unit of liquid volume (not weight), used for measuring wine, [1] oil or honey. Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. [2] The modern tun is about 954 litres.
[nb 1] (This was the basis for calling 64 gallons a quarter.) At some time before the 15th century, it was reduced to 252 gallons, so as to be evenly divisible by other small integers, including seven. [nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [6] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 ...
= 22.180 147 171 875 × 10 −6 m 3: pottle; quartern: ≡ 1 ... ≈ mass of 1 litre of water (SI base unit) [8] kip: ... ≡ 1 gal/min = 6.309 019 64 ...
A number of manufacturers also produce 18 imperial gallon (81.82 litres/144 imperial pints) and 22 imperial gallon (100 litres/176 imperial pints) kegs, however owing to their size they are not as popular, as manual handling is seen by some to be difficult, and as a result they tend to be used only for large-scale events and bars with high output.
Wine was measured with units based on the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches (3.785 L), beer was measured with units based on an ale gallon of 282 cubic inches (4.621 L) and grain was measured with the Winchester measure with a gallon of approximately 268.8 cubic inches (one eighth of a Winchester bushel or 4.405 L). In 1824, these units were ...
The British imperial gallon (frequently called simply "gallon") is defined as exactly 4.54609 dm 3 (4.54609 litres). [4] It is used in some Commonwealth countries, and until 1976 was defined as the volume of water at 62 °F (16.67 °C) [ 5 ] [ 6 ] whose mass is 10 pounds (4.5359237 kg).
Both the 42-US-gallon (159 L) barrels (based on the old English wine measure), the tierce (159 litres) and the 40-US-gallon (150 L) whiskey barrels were used. Also, 45-US-gallon (170 L) barrels were in common use. The 40 gallon whiskey barrel was the most common size used by early oil producers, since they were readily available at the time.
A butt approximately equated to 108 imperial gallons (130 US gallons; 491 litres) for ale or 105 imperial gallons (126 US gallons; 477 litres) for wine (also known as a pipe), although the Oxford English Dictionary notes that "these standards were not always precisely adhered to".