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The IEEE 693: Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations. [ 1 ] is a Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard. This standard is recognized also by American National Standards Institute , and is used mainly in the American Continent.
Substation design is aimed at minimizing cost while ensuring power availability and reliability, and enabling changes to the substation in the future. [14] Substations may be built outdoors, indoors, or underground or in a combination of these locations. [15] [16]
Step-down substation: these transformers lower the voltage coming from the transmission lines which can be used in industry or sent to a distribution substation. Distribution substation: these transform the voltage lower again for the distribution to end users. Aside from transformers, other major components or functions of substations include:
When power outages occur, you may hear officials use unfamiliar words as they explain the situation or provide updates. We explain a few common terms.
Cost Accounting Standards (popularly known as CAS) are a set of 19 standards and rules promulgated by the United States Government for use in determining costs on negotiated procurements. CAS differs from the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in that FAR applies to substantially all contractors, whereas CAS applied primarily to the larger ones.
Substation integration refers to combining data from the IED's local to a substation so that there is a single point of contact in the substation for all of the I&C data. Power-system automation processes rely on data acquisition; power-system supervision and power-system control all working together in a coordinated automatic fashion.
Ancillary services are the services necessary to support the transmission of electric power from generators to consumers given the obligations of control areas and transmission utilities within those control areas to maintain reliable operations of the interconnected transmission system.
Substation: This is the part dealing with the different entities of a substation including various devices, interconnections and other functionalities. The elements include power transformers, Voltage Levels, bays, General Equipment, conducting equipment like breakers.