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Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, [2] [3] from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, [2] [3] becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet ...
Mariner 9 imaging revealed the first direct evidence of water in the form of river beds, canyons (including the Valles Marineris, a system of canyons over about 4,020 kilometres (2,500 mi) long), evidence of water erosion and deposition, weather fronts, fogs, and more. [1] The findings from the Mariner 9 missions underpinned the later Viking ...
Launch of Mariner 1 in 1962. The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets.Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System – visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for ...
This is a timeline of space exploration which includes notable achievements, ... Mariner 9: 27 November 1971: First spacecraft to impact another planet (Mars).
Mariner 4: Mariner 4: 28 November 1964: NASA United States: Flyby Successful First successful flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965 Atlas LV-3 Agena-D: 8 Zond 2: Zond 2 (3MV-4A No.2) 30 November 1964 Soviet Union: Flyby Spacecraft failure Communications lost before flyby Molniya: 9 Mariner 6: Mariner 6: 25 February 1969: NASA United States: Flyby ...
Mars 2, Mars 3 and Mariner 9 were all launched into space in May 1971, and all entered Mars’ orbit that same year. NASA's Mariner 9 reached the planet's orbit first on November 14, narrowly beating the Soviet's spacecraft amid the space race, and subsequently became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. [1]
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch. It includes: It includes: All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes .
1971 – Mariner 9 Mars spacecraft becomes the first to successfully orbit another planet. [188] It provides the first detailed maps of the Martian surface, [189] discovering much of the planet's topography, including the volcano Olympus Mons and the canyon system Valles Marineris, which is named in its honor.