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Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [10] [11] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. [5]
α 2 agonist: inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, reduces brainstem vasomotor center-mediated CNS activation; used as antihypertensive, sedative & treatment of opiate dependence and alcohol withdrawal symptoms). Selected examples are: Brimonidine; Clonidine (mixed alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline-I1 receptor agonist) Dexmedetomidine; Fadolmidine
In the European Union, dexmedetomidine received a marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on August 10, 2012, under the brand name of Dexdor. [27] It is indicated for sedation in the ICU for patients needing mechanical ventilation.
Medetomidine is a racemic mixture of two optical or stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine. [4] The latter causes the alpha 2- adrenergic agonist effects. [5] It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water.
Atipamezole is a competitive antagonist at ɑ 2-adrenergic receptors that competes with dexmedetomidine, an ɑ 2-adrenergic receptors agonist. It does not directly interact with dexmedetomidine; [34] rather, their structural similarity allows atipamezole to easily compete for receptor binding sites. [12]
They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.
Intensive care unit ICU patients often require mechanical ventilation if they have lost the ability to breathe normally.. An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive care medicine.
It is however mostly used in mechanically ventilated patients in order to avoid over and under-sedation. Obtaining a RASS score is the first step in administering the Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU (CAM-ICU), [4] a tool to detect delirium in intensive care unit patients. The RASS is one of many sedation scales used in medicine.