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Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
Michel-Lévy interference colour chart issued by Zeiss Microscopy. In optical mineralogy, an interference colour chart, also known as the Michel-Levy chart, is a tool first developed by Auguste Michel-Lévy to identify minerals in thin section using a petrographic microscope.
Blue topaz; Precious topaz; Imperial topaz; Misnomers. Occidental topaz a misnomer for yellow quartz. Brazilian aquamarine a misnomer for Topaz; Indian topaz a misnomer for yellow corundum; Nevada topaz a misnomer for smoky obsidian. Madeira topaz a misnomer for citrine; Scotch Topez a misnomer for citrine, smoky quartz or cairngorm
Amethyst loses its natural violet color when heated to above 200-300°C and turns a color that resembles natural citrine, but is often more reddish or brownish. [9] Unlike natural citrine, the color of heat-treated amethyst is known to come exclusively from trace amounts of iron oxides, specifically hematite and goethite. This iron was present ...
The DeLong Star Ruby - a 100-carat stone discovered in Burma in the 1930s. The Patricia Emerald - a 12-sided 632-carat emerald found in Colombia in 1920, unique because it was never cut into a gem shape. [2] The Brazilian Princess Topaz - a light blue gemstone weighing 9.5 pounds, considered to be the largest cut gemstone in the world. [15]
The value of aquamarine is determined by its weight, color, [5] cut, and clarity. [8] Due to its relative abundance, aquamarine is comparatively less expensive than other gemstones within the beryl group, such as emerald or bixbite (red beryl), however it is typically more expensive than similarly colored gemstones such as blue topaz .
Minerals of note in the city are: gold, hematite, dolomite, tourmaline, pyrite, muscovite, topaz and imperial topaz, which is a stone only found in Ouro Preto. Soapstone handicraft items are a common souvenir among tourists, and can be found in many shops in the city's town centre and street fairs.
The State of Minas Gerais is the largest producer and exporter of gemstones in Brazil and is accountable for 74 percent of the official production which includes brazilianite. [15] It is soft and fragile causing it not to be a popular stone. [7] When brazilianite is heated, it loses it yellow color and becomes colorless. [11]
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