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A sanitary manhole under construction. A sanitary manhole (sewer manhole, [1] sanitary sewer manhole [2] or sewer maintenance hole [3]) is a manhole that is used as an access point for maintenance and inspection of an underground sanitary sewer system. Sanitary manholes are sometimes used as vents to prevent the buildup of pressurized sewage ...
The larger line enters from the right and changes direction within the manhole to exit from the top of the photo. A smaller line enters from the bottom of the photo under the access steps. The concrete floor of the manhole has channels to minimize accumulation of solids. Interior of a large sanitary sewer viewed from an access manhole chamber.
Typical manhole barrel thickness is 3 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 2 inch (10–13 mm) thick. Thickness is assumed to be solid barrels only (not including any exterior ribbing). For manhole barrels with ribbing laminated to the exterior of the barrel, the barrel thickness is allowed to be thinner than otherwise would be allowed under ASTM D 3753.
The theft of manhole covers often increases when scrap metal prices are high. [18] [19] Manhole cover theft can be a serious problem in China, where missing manhole covers caused at least eight deaths in 2004. [20] According to China's Xinhua News Agency, about "240,000 manhole and street-drain covers were stolen in Beijing in 2004." [21]
A manhole cover unable to contain a sanitary sewer overflow. Sanitary sewer overflow (SSO) is a condition in which untreated sewage is discharged from a sanitary sewer into the environment prior to reaching sewage treatment facilities. When caused by rainfall it is also known as wet weather overflow.
[15] [16] According to design standards, the distance between two manholes is typically between 7 and 20 meters, depending on the specific characteristics of the project. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] In cities, the distance is 20 meters per manhole, [ 19 ] while in industrial or commercial settings it is 10-15 meters per manhole.
In domestic applications, traps are typically U, S, Q, or J-shaped pipe located below or within a plumbing fixture.An S-shaped trap is also known as an S-bend.It was invented by Alexander Cumming in 1775 but became known as the U-bend following the introduction of the U-shaped trap by Thomas Crapper in 1880.
A sewer pipe is normally at neutral air pressure compared to the surrounding atmosphere.When a column of waste water flows through a pipe, it compresses air ahead of it in the system, creating a positive pressure that must be released so it does not push back on the waste stream and downstream traps, slow drainage, and induce potential clogs.
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