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The discovery in 1987 that the SERMs tamoxifen and raloxifene, then thought to be antiestrogens because of antagonist effects in breast tissue, showed estrogenic effects in preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats had a great effect on our understanding of the function of estrogen receptors and nuclear receptors in general. [7]
Tamoxifen treatment of postmenopausal women is associated with beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles. However, long-term data from clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a cardioprotective effect. [52] For some women, tamoxifen can cause a rapid increase in triglyceride concentration in the blood.
Somewhat unexpectedly, it was also discovered that tamoxifen preserves bone density [15] by acting as an agonist in bone resorbing osteoclasts. [16] The clinical success of SERMs stimulated interest in analogous tissue selective drugs that target the AR. [7]
In 1980, Jordan joined the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he started to look at the effects of tamoxifen and another SERM, raloxifene, on bone density and coronary systems. This was needed because of the concern that long term use of SERMs could lead to osteoporosis and heart disease. Jordan's research showed that post-menopausal women ...
However, studies in the mid-1990s were conducted and found it to be rapidly effective for increasing bone mineral density in women with osteopenia due to hypoestrogenism. [3] [4] HDE has also commonly been used in transgender women since the 1960s. [50] [51] [52]
[5] [7] It has estrogenic effects in bone, the liver, and the uterus and antiestrogenic effects in the breasts. [6] [8] [9] [5] It is a triphenylethylene derivative and is closely related to tamoxifen. [10] Toremifene was introduced for medical use in 1997. [11] [12] It was the first antiestrogen to be introduced since tamoxifen in 1978. [13]
Tamoxifen. Triazolam. Estrogens. Testosterone. You should also watch out for herbal supplements that might slow blood clotting, such as garlic, ginger, ginkgo, licorice, nattokinase and Panax ginseng.
The side effects of bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), including its frequent and rare side effects, have been well-studied and characterized. The most common side effects of bicalutamide monotherapy in men include breast tenderness, breast growth, feminization, demasculinization, and hot flashes.
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