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Dysentery results from bacterial or parasitic infections. Viruses do not generally cause the disease. [10] These pathogens typically reach the large intestine after entering orally, through ingestion of contaminated food or water, oral contact with contaminated objects or hands, and so on.
Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery, and is a severe form of shigellosis. It is associated with species of bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. [1] The term is usually restricted to Shigella infections. [2] Shigellosis is caused by one of several types of Shigella bacteria. [3]
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea , fever , abdominal pain , and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [ 1 ]
Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms . [ 2 ]
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In most people, the illness lasts for 2–10 days. It is classified as invasive/inflammatory diarrhea, also described as bloody diarrhea or dysentery. [citation needed] There are other diseases showing similar symptoms. For instance, abdominal pain and tenderness may be very localized, mimicking acute appendicitis.
The most commonly observed signs associated with Shigella dysentery include colitis, malnutrition, rectal prolapse, tenesmus, reactive arthritis, and central nervous system problems. Further, S. dysenteriae is associated with the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, which includes anemia, thrombocytopenia, and kidney failure.
For those prone to serious infections, such as bacillary dysentery, amoebic dysentery, and cholera, TD can occasionally be life-threatening. [13] Others at higher-than-average risk include young adults, immunosuppressed persons, persons with inflammatory bowel disease or diabetes, and those taking H2 blockers or antacids. [12]