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Georg Brandt (26 June 1694 – 29 April 1768) [1] [2] was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist who discovered cobalt c. 1735. He was the first person to discover a metal unknown in ancient times. [3] [4] He is also known for exposing fraudulent alchemists operating during his lifetime. [5]
Cobalt is a chemical element; it has symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, somewhat brittle, gray metal.
January 1916, scientific journal: American Mineralogist, first issue. 1916, X-ray powder diffraction: "Peter Debye (1884–1966) – Paul Scherrer (1890–1969) powder method". 1919, founding of the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA). Georg Menzer (1897–1989) solves the first crystal structure of garnet (1925). [22]
The two discovered a new element in a molybdenum sample that was used in a cyclotron, the first element to be discovered by synthesis. It had been predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 as eka-manganese. [171] [172] [173] In 1952, Paul W. Merrill found its spectral lines in S-type red giants. [174]
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
The compounds cobalt silicate and cobalt(II) aluminate (CoAl 2 O 4, cobalt blue) give a distinctive deep blue color to glass, ceramics, inks, paints and varnishes. Cobalt occurs naturally as only one stable isotope, cobalt-59. Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and for the production of high-energy ...
In 1742, Swedish chemist Georg Brandt showed that the blue color was due to a previously unidentified metal, cobalt. The first recorded use of cobalt blue as a color name in English was in 1777. [2] It was independently discovered as an alumina-based pigment by Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802. [3] Commercial production began in France in 1807.
Potassium, the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis, was discovered in 1807 by Davy, who derived it from caustic potash (KOH). Before the 19th century, no distinction was made between potassium and sodium. Sodium was first isolated by Davy in the same year by passing an electric current through molten sodium hydroxide (NaOH). When Davy ...