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  2. Serum free light-chain measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_free_light-chain...

    Abnormal free light chain production has also been reported to be prognostic of a worse outcome in multiple myeloma [36] [37] [38] and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. [39] An abnormal light-chain ratio has been defined as a kappa to lambda chain ratio of less than 0.26 or more than 1.65. [32]

  3. Immunoglobulin light chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain

    Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa-to-lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm. The free light chain ratio ranges from 0.26 to 1.65. [1]

  4. Multiple myeloma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma

    [70] [79] These biomarkers are >60% clonal plasma cells, a serum involved / uninvolved free light chain ratio ≥ 100 (the concentration of the involved free light chain must be ≥ 100 mg/L) and more than one focal lesion ≥ 5 mm by MRI. [70] [79] Together, these biomarkers and the CRAB criteria are known as myeloma-defining events (MDEs).

  5. Smouldering myeloma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smouldering_myeloma

    Smouldering myeloma is a disease classified as intermediate in a spectrum of step-wise progressive diseases termed plasma cell dyscrasias.In this spectrum of diseases, a clone of plasma cells secreting monoclonal paraprotein (also termed myeloma protein or M protein) causes the relatively benign disease of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

  6. Plasma cell dyscrasias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell_dyscrasias

    Rather, they overexpress a monoclonal, aberrant free κ (i.e. kappa) or λ (i.e., lambda) immunoglobulin light chain. For diagnosis, the κ and λ free light chains are quantified by immunological methods and the ratio of κ to λ light chains is used to detect unbalanced light chain synthesis that is indicative of a monoclonal light chain ...

  7. Inside Alpha Kappa Alpha, the historic sorority Kamala Harris ...

    www.aol.com/finance/inside-alpha-kappa-alpha...

    Clarice Redding Louis says she’ll never forget the day she was first introduced to Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc. It was 2008 and she was 18 years old—a fresh high-school graduate visiting ...

  8. AL amyloidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AL_amyloidosis

    AL amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of abnormal antibody free light chains. The abnormal light chains are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, and, although AL amyloidosis can occur without diagnosis of another disorder, it is often associated with other plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [6]

  9. Heart attacks are at a record high – here are the symptoms ...

    www.aol.com/heart-attacks-record-high-symptoms...

    Hospital cases at new high as health chiefs raise fears that those with symptoms are failing to seek help