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In computer programming, operator overloading, sometimes termed operator ad hoc polymorphism, is a specific case of polymorphism, where different operators have different implementations depending on their arguments. Operator overloading is generally defined by a programming language, a programmer, or both.
When not overloaded, for the operators &&, ||, and , (the comma operator), there is a sequence point after the evaluation of the first operand. Most of the operators available in C and C++ are also available in other C-family languages such as C# , D , Java , Perl , and PHP with the same precedence, associativity, and semantics.
An operator, defined by the language, can be overloaded to behave differently based on the type of input. Some languages (e.g. C, C++ and PHP) define a fixed set of operators, while others (e.g. Prolog, [6] Seed7, [7] F#, OCaml, Haskell) allow for user-defined operators.
C++ provides more than 35 operators, covering basic arithmetic, bit manipulation, indirection, comparisons, logical operations and others. Almost all operators can be overloaded for user-defined types, with a few notable exceptions such as member access (. and .*) and the conditional operator. The rich set of overloadable operators is central ...
The previous section notwithstanding, there are other ways in which ad hoc polymorphism can work out. Consider for example the Smalltalk language. In Smalltalk, the overloading is done at run time, as the methods ("function implementation") for each overloaded message ("overloaded function") are resolved when they are about to be executed.
The move assignment operator, like most C++ operators, can be overloaded. Like the copy assignment operator it is a special member function . If the move assignment operator is not explicitly defined, the compiler generates an implicit move assignment operator ( C++11 and newer) provided that copy / move constructors , copy assignment operator ...
The cast operator is not overloadable, but one can write a conversion operator method which lives in the target class. Conversion methods can define two varieties of operators, implicit and explicit conversion operators. The implicit operator will cast without specifying with the cast operator (()) and the explicit operator requires it to be used.
Function overloading is usually associated with statically-typed programming languages that enforce type checking in function calls. An overloaded function is a set of different functions that are callable with the same name. For any particular call, the compiler determines which overloaded function to use and resolves this at compile time ...