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The task of additional reactive power compensation (also known as voltage compensation) is assigned to compensating devices: [7] passive (either permanently connected or switched) sinks of reactive power (e.g., shunt reactors that are similar to transformers in construction, with a single winding and iron core [9]).
A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is an electrical device for providing fast-acting reactive power compensation on high-voltage electricity transmission networks. It uses a pair of three-phase controllable bridges to produce current that is injected into a transmission line using a series transformer. [ 1 ]
Heavily loaded lines consumed reactive power due to the line's inductance, and as transmission voltage increased throughout the 20th century, the higher voltage supplied capacitive reactive power. As operating a transmission line only at it surge impedance loading (SIL) was not feasible, [ 2 ] other means to manage the reactive power was needed.
In other words, the DVR is a solid state DC to AC switching power converter that injects a set of three-phase AC output voltages in series and synchronicity with the distribution and transmission line voltages. The source of the injected voltage is the commutation process for reactive power demand and an energy source for the real power demand.
The real power and voltage are specified for buses that are generators. These buses have a constant power generation, controlled through a prime mover, and a constant bus voltage. Slack bus – to balance the active and reactive power in the system. It is also known as the Reference Bus or the Swing Bus. The slack bus will serve as an angular ...
Electrical power system simulation involves power system modeling and network simulation in order to analyze electrical power systems using design/offline or real-time data. Power system simulation software's are a class of computer simulation programs that focus on the operation of electrical power systems. These types of computer programs are ...
In an electric power transmission grid system, switchyard reactors are large inductors installed at substations to help stabilize the power system.. For transmission lines, the space between the overhead line and the ground forms a capacitor parallel to transmission line, which causes an increase in voltage as the distance increases.
Since a STATCOM varies its voltage magnitude to control reactive power, the topology of how the VSC is designed and connected defines how effectively and quickly it can operate. There are numerous different topologies available for VSCs and power electronic based converters, the most common ones are covered below.