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Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
A vortex street around a cylinder. This can occur around cylinders and spheres, for any fluid, cylinder size and fluid speed, provided that the flow has a Reynolds number in the range ~40 to ~1000. [1] In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. [2]
The Strouhal number depends on the Reynolds number, [5] but a value of 0.22 is commonly used. [6] As the unit is dimensionless, any set of units can be used for the variables. Over four orders of magnitude in Reynolds number, from 10 2 to 10 5 , the Strouhal number varies only between 0.18 and 0.22.
A right circular cylinder is a cylinder whose generatrices are perpendicular to the bases. Thus, in a right circular cylinder, the generatrix and the height have the same measurements. [ 1 ] It is also less often called a cylinder of revolution, because it can be obtained by rotating a rectangle of sides r {\displaystyle r} and g {\displaystyle ...
The flow profiles was first derived by John R. Womersley (1907–1958) in his work with blood flow in arteries. [1] The cardiovascular system of chordate animals is a very good example where pulsatile flow is found, but pulsatile flow is also observed in engines and hydraulic systems , as a result of rotating mechanisms pumping the fluid.
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
On the Sphere and Cylinder (Greek: Περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου) is a treatise that was published by Archimedes in two volumes c. 225 BCE. [1] It most notably details how to find the surface area of a sphere and the volume of the contained ball and the analogous values for a cylinder , and was the first to do so.
The bare term cylinder often refers to a solid cylinder with circular ends perpendicular to the axis, that is, a right circular cylinder, as shown in the figure. The cylindrical surface without the ends is called an open cylinder. The formulae for the surface area and the volume of a right circular cylinder have been known from early antiquity.
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