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In linguistics, intonation is the variation in pitch used to indicate the speaker's attitudes and emotions, to highlight or focus an expression, to signal the illocutionary act performed by a sentence, or to regulate the flow of discourse. For example, the English question "Does Maria speak Spanish or French
Armstrong and her colleague Ida C. Ward published their book Handbook of English Intonation in 1926. [96] It was accompanied by three double-sided gramophone records which consisted of Armstrong and Ward reading English passages. [97] These recordings appeared in bibliographies of speech and theatre training for decades. [98]
In poetry cadence describes the rhythmic pacing of language to a resolution [2] and was a new idea in 1915 [3] used to describe the subtle rise and fall in the natural flow and pause of ordinary speech [4] where the strong and weak beats of speech fall into a natural order [5] restoring the audible quality to poetry as a spoken art. [6]
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. [1] All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously ...
Some writers (e.g., O'Connor and Arnold) [7] have described intonation entirely in terms of pitch, while others (e.g., Crystal) [8] propose that "intonation" is a combination of several prosodic variables. English intonation is often said to be based on three aspects: The division of speech into units; The highlighting of particular words and ...
Some contextualization cues include: intonation, accents, body language, type of language, and facial expressions (Andersen and Risør 2014). Intonation refers to the rise and fall of speech. By observing this, excitement, anger, interest, or other emotions can be determined.
Pierrehumbert gives the example of the sentence This is my sister Mary.This can be pronounced in two ways, either as a single intonational phrase with a single high pitch on the first syllable of Mary (L L L L L H L), or as two intonational phrases with a high pitch both on sister and on Mary (L L L H L H L).
Empirically, one report proposes that HRT in American English and Australian English is marked by a high tone (high pitch or high fundamental frequency) beginning on the final accented syllable near the end of the statement (the terminal), and continuing to increase in frequency (up to 40%) to the end of the intonational phrase. [1]