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A collegium (pl.: collegia) or college was any association in ancient Rome that acted as a legal entity. Such associations could be civil or religious. The word collegium literally means "society", from collega ("colleague"). [1] They functioned as social clubs or religious collectives whose members worked towards their shared interests.
In the late Roman Republic, bread shifted from a luxury good to an everyday staple. As supply increased, a guild of bakers was established to regulate and control the market. The Collegium became critical to the ancient Roman grain supply. [12] As a consequence, the Collegium was granted its own seat in the Senate. [12]
As the Roman Empire became gradually impoverished and depopulated, and as the difficulty of defending its frontiers increased, these associations must have been slowly extinguished. The sudden invasion of Dacia by barbarians in AD 166 was followed by the extinction of one collegium which has left a record of the fact, and probably by many ...
This collegium also oversaw the worship of any foreign gods which were introduced to Rome. They were also responsible for responding to divine advice and omens. [5] Originally these duties had been performed by duumviri (or duoviri), two men of patrician status.
A college, in the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, is a collection (Latin: collegium) of persons united together for a common object so as to form one body. The members are consequently said to be incorporated, or to form a corporation. [1]
A type of guild was known in Roman times. Known as collegium , collegia or corpus , these were organised groups of merchants who specialised in a particular craft and whose membership of the group was voluntary.
Voluntary associations and confraternities were an important part of social life in the Roman Empire, particularly for those whose personal resources were limited. In addition to burial societies and drinking and dining clubs, inscriptions and other documents attest to the regulated existence of numerous professional and trade guilds ...
The temple later became the home of the Roman poets' guild (collegium poetarum). [5] The Portico of Octavius (Porticus Octavia) was later built around the temple. Around 33–29 BC, Octavian and his stepbrother L. Marcius Philippus refurbished the portico and temple, after which the area was known as the Portico of Philippus (Porticus Philippi).