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Hepatitis B infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. [4] [12] As of 2022, the hepatitis B vaccine is between 98% and 100% effective in preventing infection. [1] The vaccine is administered in several doses; after an initial dose, two or three more vaccine doses are required at a later time for full effect. [1]
HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) was the first hepatitis B virus protein to be discovered. [15] It consists of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) protein. [16] HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) is the main structural protein of HBV icosahedral nucleocapsid and it has function in replication of the virus. [17]
Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. [13] The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given ...
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. [17] In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [30]
Hepadnaviridae [a] is a family of viruses. [2] Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this family, divided among 5 genera. [3] Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus.
DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine is a 5-in-1 combination vaccine with five individual vaccines conjugated into one. [1] It protects against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B, [1] which is generally used in middle- and low-income countries, where polio vaccine is given separately.
Viral hepatitis is either transmitted through contaminated food or water (A, E) or via blood and body fluids (B, C). The viruses transmitted through water and food are mostly self-limited, resulting in acute illness with full resolution.
The genus contains the following species: [3] Capuchin monkey hepatitis B virus; Chinese shrew hepatitis B virus; Domestic cat hepatitis B virus; Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
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