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John Bardeen (/ b ɑːr ˈ d iː n /; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) [2] was an American electrical engineer and theoretical physicist.He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of ...
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley invented the first working transistors at Bell Labs, the point-contact transistor in 1947. Shockley introduced the improved bipolar junction transistor in 1948, which entered production in the early 1950s and led to the first widespread use of transistors.
Brattain attached a small strip of gold foil over the point of a plastic triangle—a configuration which is essentially a point-contact diode. He then carefully sliced through the gold at the tip of the triangle. This produced two electrically isolated gold contacts very close to each other. An early model of a transistor
Walter Houser Brattain (/ ˈ b r æ t ən /; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and William Shockley for their invention of the point-contact transistor. [1] Brattain devoted much of his life to research on surface states.
Chapters 7 ("Point of Entry") and 8 ("Minority Views") recount the events of December 1947, during which Bardeen and Brattain invented the first, "point-contact" transistor, followed by Shockley's conception of the junction transistor in January 1948.
William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American inventor, physicist, and eugenicist.He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain.
John Bardeen (1908–1991), U.S. – co-inventor of the transistor, with Brattain and Schockley Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993), Russia – first rocket launch complex ( spaceport ) Anthony R. Barringer (1925–2009), Canada/U.S. – INPUT (Induced Pulse Transient) airborne electromagnetic system
July 5 – William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, of Bell Labs, announce the invention of the grown-junction transistor. Same year, General Electric and RCA develop alloy-junction transistor. July 10. Korean War: Armistice negotiations begin at Kaesong. A formal peace agreement between Canada and Germany is signed.