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Las castas.Casta painting showing 16 racial groupings. Anonymous, 18th century, oil on canvas, 148×104 cm, Museo Nacional del Virreinato, Tepotzotlán, Mexico Casta (Spanish:) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
These timelines of world history detail recorded events since the creation of writing roughly 5000 years ago to the present day. For events from c. 3200 BC – c. 500 see: Timeline of ancient history; For events from c. 500 – c. 1499, see: Timeline of post-classical history; For events from c. 1500, see: Timelines of modern history
[72] [71] The chietain is the overlord during times of war, and receives tribute and taxes from tribes as a sign of their submission to his authority. [ 74 ] The vassal-herdsmen are the second free strata within Tuareg society, occupying a position just below that of the nobles. [ 75 ]
Caucasian War: 1817: 1864: 47 years Afghanistan conflict: 27 April 1978: Ongoing: 46 years, 10 months and 1 day [citation needed] Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) 27 November 1978: Ongoing: 46 years, 3 months and 1 day Cold War (Indirect War) 1946: 1991: 45 years Chadian Civil Wars: 1965: 2010: 45 years Assam separatist movements ...
Homophily based on caste, i.e., tendency to associate with the people of the same caste, was reported by 21% of the respondents; 24% said that they did not know the caste of the people they associated with. The remainder said that they associate with some or most people of their caste (23% and 31% respectively).
The socio-economic limitations of the caste system are reduced due to urbanisation and affirmative action. Nevertheless, the caste system still exists in endogamy and patrimony, and politics. The globalisation and economic opportunities from foreign businesses has influenced the growth of India's middle-class population.
Historically speaking, the alliance and the open status group, whether war band or religious sect, dominated medieval and early modern Indian history in a way descent and caste did not." [130] Adi Purana, an 8th-century text of Jainism by Jinasena, is the first mention of varna and jati in Jain literature. [131]
Under Sharia (Islamic law), [192] [196] children of slaves or prisoners of war could become slaves, but only if they are non-Muslim, leading to the Islamic world to import many slaves from other regions, predominantly Europe. [197] Manumission of a slave was encouraged as a way of expiating sins. [198]