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Consider the linear subspace of the n-dimensional Euclidean space R n that is spanned by a collection of linearly independent vectors , …,. To find the volume element of the subspace, it is useful to know the fact from linear algebra that the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by the is the square root of the determinant of the Gramian matrix of the : (), = ….
The volume of the n-ball () can be computed by integrating the volume element in spherical coordinates. The spherical coordinate system has a radial coordinate r and angular coordinates φ 1, …, φ n − 1, where the domain of each φ except φ n − 1 is [0, π), and the domain of φ n − 1 is [0, 2 π). The spherical volume element is:
The physics convention. ... one sphere that is described in Cartesian coordinates with the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = c 2 can be ... An infinitesimal volume element ...
Schematic illustration of idealized fiber arrays and their corresponding unit cells. In the theory of composite materials, the representative elementary volume (REV) (also called the representative volume element (RVE) or the unit cell) is the smallest volume over which a measurement can be made that will yield a value representative of the whole. [1]
The formula for the volume of the -ball can be derived from this by integration. Similarly the surface area element of the ( n − 1 ) {\displaystyle (n-1)} -sphere of radius r {\displaystyle r} , which generalizes the area element of the 2 {\displaystyle 2} -sphere, is given by
Using the number density as a function of spatial coordinates, the total number of objects N in the entire volume V can be calculated as = (,,), where dV = dx dy dz is a volume element. If each object possesses the same mass m 0 , the total mass m of all the objects in the volume V can be expressed as m = ∭ V m 0 n ( x , y , z ) d V ...
An approximation for the volume of a thin spherical shell is the surface area of the inner sphere multiplied by the thickness t of the shell: [2] V ≈ 4 π r 2 t , {\displaystyle V\approx 4\pi r^{2}t,}
In mathematics and physics, the heat equation is ... The time rate of temperature change at x is proportional to the heat flowing into an infinitesimal volume element