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Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O 2) in order to create ATP. Although carbohydrates , fats and proteins are consumed as reactants , aerobic respiration is the preferred method of pyruvate production in glycolysis , and requires pyruvate be transported the mitochondria in order to be oxidized by the citric acid cycle .
Aerobic" is defined as "relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen", [3] and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately. [4] Aerobic exercise is performed by repeating sequences of light-to-moderate intensity activities for extended periods of time. [2]
Aerobic respiration proceeds in a series of steps, which also increases efficiency - since glucose is broken down gradually and ATP is produced as needed, less energy is wasted as heat. This strategy results in the waste products H 2 O and CO 2 being formed in different amounts at different phases of respiration.
Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
Cyclists may be trained and assessed by exercise physiologists to optimize performance. [1]Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise.It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise.
Typically, the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration (i.e. involving glycolysis, the citric-acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, the last providing the most energy) is usually about 30–32 molecules of ATP. [16] Oxidation of one gram of carbohydrate yields approximately 4 kcal of energy. [3]
Aerobic dances are musical fitness routines in which an instructor choreographs several short dance combinations and teaches them to a class. This is usually achieved by teaching the class one to two movements at a time and repeating the movements until the class is able to join the whole choreography together.
Continuous training typically involves aerobic activities such as running, cycling, swimming, and rowing. Continuous training can be performed at low, moderate, or high exercise intensities , [ 1 ] and is often contrasted with interval training , often called high-intensity interval training.