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Rebetiko (Greek: ρεμπέτικο, pronounced [re(m)ˈbetiko]), plural rebetika (ρεμπέτικα [re(m)ˈbetika]), occasionally transliterated as rembetiko or rebetico, is a term used today to designate originally disparate kinds of urban Greek music which in the 1930s went through a process of musical syncretism and developed into a more distinctive musical genre.
Originally a dance for two armed people facing one another, it developed into an improvised dance for a single male. [ 4 ] After the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1922, the dance became popular also in mainland Greece, in many songs of Laiko music.
Kamilierikos (Greek: καμηλιέρικος χορός) or kamilieriko, is a kind of a Greek traditional dance, similar to fast zeibekiko and antikristos. [1] Like zeibekiko, Kamilierikos is again in "9/8" signature [2] and was danced by the rebetes. Today, kamilierikos is very widespread in rebetiko and laiko music traditions.
The rebetiko version of the song was intended for a Greek tsifteteli dance, at a slower tempo and a different key than the Oriental performances that most are familiar with today. This was the style of recording by Michalis Patrinos in Greece, circa 1930, which was circulated in the United States by the Orthophonic label; another recording was ...
The main cultural Greek dances and rhythms of today's Greek music culture laïká are Nisiotika, Syrta, Antikristos, Rebetika, Hasapiko, Zeibekiko, Kalamatianos, Kangeli and Syrtaki. The more cheerful version of laïkó, called elafró laïkó, was often used in musicals during the Golden Age of Greek cinema.
Roza Eskenazi (mid-1890s – 2 December 1980, Greek: Ρόζα Εσκενάζυ) was a Jewish-Greek dancer and singer of rebetiko, Greek folk music, Kanto and Turkish folk music born in Istanbul, whose recording and stage career extended from the late 1920s into the 1970s.
Most rebetiko songs are based on traditional Greek or Anatolian dance rhythms. Most common are: Syrtos, a general name for many Greek dances (including the Nisiotika), (mostly a 4 4 meter in various forms) Zeibekiko, a 9 4 or a 9 8 meter, in its various forms; Sirtaki, including various kinds of Greek music.
In the early 1960s, Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis based his theme music for the 1964 Cacoyannis film Zorba the Greek (itself based on the novel by Cretan author Nikos Kazantzakis) on Cretan syrta that had been recorded earlier by Giorgis Koutsourelis, such as on the hasapiko dance. The new dance was named "sirtaki" by choreographer Giorgos ...