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England's economy is usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles in contrast to the Rhine Capitalism of Europe, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure. The currency in England is the pound sterling, also known as the GBP. England prints its own banknotes which are also circulated in Wales.
The physical geography of the UK varies greatly. England consists of mostly lowland terrain, with upland or mountainous terrain only found north-west of the Tees–Exe line . The upland areas include the Lake District , the Pennines , North York Moors , Exmoor and Dartmoor .
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to England: . England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. [1] [2] [3] Its 55,268,100 inhabitants account for more than 84% of the total UK population, [4] while its mainland territory occupies most of the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain.
England is home to the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, and the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209. Both universities are ranked among the most prestigious in the world. [12] [13] England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south.
Amongst the most significant geological features created during this period are the peat deposits of Scotland, and of coastal and upland areas of England and Wales. Many of the lowland deposits, such as the Somerset Levels , The Fens and Romney Marsh have recently been artificially drained.
The geology of England is mainly sedimentary. The youngest rocks are in the south east around London , progressing in age in a north westerly direction. [ 1 ] The Tees–Exe line marks the division between younger, softer and low-lying rocks in the south east and the generally older and harder rocks of the north and west which give rise to ...
The Malverns are made from some of the oldest rock in England (around 680 million years old) and extend some 8 miles (13 km) through two West Midlands counties Worcestershire and Herefordshire as well as northern Gloucestershire in the southwest. The highest point of the hills is the Worcestershire Beacon at 425 m (1,394 ft) above sea level (OS ...
North West England is bounded to the east by the Pennines and to the west by the Irish Sea. The region extends from the Scottish Borders in the north to the West Midlands region in the south. To its southwest is North Wales. Amongst the better known of the North West's physiographical features are the Lake District and the Cheshire Plain.