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Usage of monomer in the reaction: Rapid loss of monomer early in the reaction: Some monomer remains even at long reaction times Reaction steps: Similar steps repeated throughout reaction process: Different steps operate at different stages of mechanism (i.e. initiation, propagation, termination, and chain transfer) Average molecular weight
The in situ polymerization process consists of an initiation step followed by a series of polymerization steps, which results in the formation of a hybrid between polymer molecules and nanoparticles. [1] Nanoparticles are initially spread out in a liquid monomer or a precursor of relatively low molecular weight.
The light may be absorbed either directly by the reactant monomer (direct photopolymerization), or else by a photosensitizer which absorbs the light and then transfers energy to the monomer. In general, only the initiation step differs from that of the ordinary thermal polymerization of the same monomer; subsequent propagation, termination, and ...
In this case, a polyamide, usually synthesized via melt polymerization, was synthesized from diamine and diacid chloride monomers. [1] [3] The diacid chloride monomers were placed in an organic solvent (benzene) and the diamene monomers in a water phase, such that when the monomers reached the interface they would polymerize. [3]
The mass-average molecular mass, M w, is also related to the fractional monomer conversion, p, in step-growth polymerization (for the simplest case of linear polymers formed from two monomers in equimolar quantities) as per Carothers' equation: ¯ = + ¯ = (+), where M o is the molecular mass of the repeating unit.
As can be seen in the monomer table, many simple monomers are readily polymerized by this method, but most must be smaller ionizable species because they have to be able to go into the plasma state. Though monomers with multiple bonds polymerize readily, it is not a requirement, as ethane, silicones and many others polymerize also. Other ...
In chain-growth polymerization the propagation step is the addition of a monomer to the growing chain. The word kinetic is added to chain length in order to distinguish the number of reaction steps in the kinetic chain from the number of monomers in the final macromolecule, a quantity named the degree of polymerization. In fact the kinetic ...
However, he found that addition of more monomer caused an increase in viscosity, indicating growth of the polymer chain, and thus concluded that the polymer chains had never been terminated. [6] This was a major step in polymer chemistry, since control over when the polymer was quenched, or terminated, was generally not a controlled step.