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  2. Ringelmann scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringelmann_scale

    Ringelmann smoke charts, 1897. The Ringelmann scale is a scale for measuring the apparent density or opacity of smoke. [1] [2] It was developed by a French professor of agricultural engineering Maximilien Ringelmann of La Station d'Essais de Machines in Paris, who first specified the scale in 1888. [3] [4]

  3. Paracetamol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol

    Paracetamol, [a] or acetaminophen, [b] is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. [13] [14] [15] It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol.

  4. Carr index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr_index

    The Carr index (Carr's index [1] or Carr's Compressibility Index [2]) is an indicator of the compressibility of a powder.It is named after the scientist Ralph J. Carr, Jr. The Carr index is calculated by the formula =, where is the freely settled bulk density of the powder, and is the tapped bulk density of the powder after "tapping down".

  5. Hydrophobicity scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobicity_scales

    The most common method of measuring amino acid hydrophobicity is partitioning between two immiscible liquid phases. Different organic solvents are most widely used to mimic the protein interior. However, organic solvents are slightly miscible with water and the characteristics of both phases change making it difficult to obtain pure ...

  6. McFarland standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McFarland_standards

    A 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared by mixing 0.05 mL of 1.175% barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl 2 •2H 2 O), with 9.95 mL of 1% sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). [ 1 ] Now there are McFarland standards prepared from suspensions of latex particles, which lengthens the shelf life and stability of the suspensions.

  7. Nutritional rating systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_rating_systems

    [4] [5] [6] It relies on the computation of a nutrient profiling system derived from the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency score. [ 6 ] A Nutri-Score for a particular food item is given one of five color-coded letters, with 'A' (enlarged letter, dark green) as a score indicating excellent nutrient composition, and 'E' (dark orange) as a low ...

  8. Phenacetin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenacetin

    Phenacetin (/ f ɪ ˈ n æ s ɪ t ɪ n / ⓘ; acetophenetidin, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide [1]) is a pain-relieving and fever-reducing drug, which was widely used following its introduction in 1887. It was withdrawn from medicinal use as dangerous from the 1970s (e.g., withdrawn in Canada in 1973, [ 2 ] and by the U.S. Food and Drug ...

  9. Piceol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piceol

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