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For instance, the above-mentioned C major scale contains the tritones F–B (from F to the B above it, also called augmented fourth) and B–F (from B to the F above it, also called diminished fifth, semidiapente, or semitritonus); [2] the latter is decomposed as a semitone B–C, a whole tone C–D, a whole tone D–E, and a semitone E–F ...
The augmented-fourth interval is the only interval whose inverse is the same as itself. The augmented-fourths tuning is the only tuning (other than the 'trivial' tuning C-C-C-C-C-C) for which all chords-forms remain unchanged when the strings are reversed. Thus the augmented-fourths tuning is its own 'lefty' tuning." [2]
Identical intervals notated with different (enharmonically equivalent) written pitches are also referred to as enharmonic. The interval of a tritone above C may be written as a diminished fifth from C to G ♭, or as an augmented fourth (C to F ♯). Representing the C as a B ♯ leads to other enharmonically equivalent options for notation.
The augmented fourth (A4) is the only augmented interval that appears in diatonic scales (in D ♭ major it occurs between G ♭ and C). The standard abbreviations for augmented intervals are AX, such that an augmented third = A3.
In music, quartal harmony is the building of harmonic structures built from the intervals of the perfect fourth, the augmented fourth and the diminished fourth. For instance, a three-note quartal chord on C can be built by stacking perfect fourths, C–F–B ♭ .
The single tone that differentiates this scale from the major scale (Ionian mode) is its fourth degree, which is an augmented fourth (A4) above the tonic (F), rather than a perfect fourth (P4). Tonic triad: F; Tonic seventh chord: F M7; Dominant triad: C; Seventh chord on the dominant: C M7 (a major seventh chord)
This is often interpreted as a quartal hexachord consisting of an augmented fourth, diminished fourth, augmented fourth, and two perfect fourths.The chord is related to other pitch collections, such as being a hexatonic subset of the overtone scale, also known in jazz circles as the Lydian dominant scale, lacking the perfect fifth.
Lydian chords may function as subdominants or substitutes for the tonic in major keys. [3] The compound interval of the augmented eleventh (enharmonically equivalent to ♯ 4, the characteristic interval of the Lydian mode) is used since the simple fourth usually only appears in suspended chords (which replace the third with a natural fourth, for example C sus4).