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A classic organic reaction of benzil is the benzilic acid rearrangement, in which base catalyses the conversion of benzil to benzilic acid. This reactivity is exploited in the preparation of the drug phenytoin. Benzil also reacts with 1,3-diphenylacetone in an aldol condensation to give tetraphenylcyclopentadienone.
The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement ...
Benzilic acid is an organic compound with formula C 14 H 12 O 3 or (C 6 H 5) 2 (HO)C(COOH). It is a white crystalline aromatic acid, soluble in many primary alcohols.
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
In organic chemistry, the benzoin addition is an addition reaction involving two aldehydes (−CH=O). The reaction generally occurs between aromatic aldehydes or glyoxals (OCH=CHO), [1] [2] and results in formation of an acyloin (−C(O)CH(OH)−). In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin (PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph). [3]
The reaction is then completed either by the reformation of the carbonyl through an 1,2-rearrangement or by the formation of the epoxide. There are two possible carbonyl products: one formed by migration of R 1 (4) and the other by migration of R 2 (5). The relative yield of each possible carbonyl is determined by the migratory preferences of ...
The carboxylic acid Schmidt reaction starts with acylium ion 1 obtained from protonation and loss of water. Reaction with hydrazoic acid forms the protonated azido ketone 2 , which goes through a rearrangement reaction with the alkyl group R, migrating over the C-N bond with expulsion of nitrogen.
They can be formed by condensing ortho-diamines with 1,2-diketones. The parent substance of the group, quinoxaline, results when glyoxal is condensed with 1,2-diaminobenzene . [ 4 ] Substituted derivatives arise when α-ketonic acids , α-chlorketones, α- aldehyde alcohols and α-ketone alcohols are used in place of diketones. [ 3 ]