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The muscles of the hand can be subdivided into two groups: the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm. The intrinsic group are the smaller muscles located within the hand itself. The muscles of the hand ...
Over time, the involuntary spasm of the neck muscles will increase in frequency and strength until it reaches a plateau. Symptoms can also worsen while the patient is walking or during periods of increased stress. Other symptoms include muscle hypertrophy, neck pain, dysarthria and tremor. [2]
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. [1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles. [1] Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. [2]
The extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their action. Extrinsic denotes their location outside the hand. Extensor denotes their action which is to extend, or open flat, joints in the hand.
The splenius cervicis (/ ˈ s p l iː n i ə s s ər ˈ v aɪ s ɪ s /) (also known as the splenius colli, /-ˈ k ɒ l aɪ /) is a muscle in the back of the neck.It arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three ...
It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts on the hand while its muscle belly is located in the forearm. Together the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the deep layer of ventral forearm muscles. [2] The muscle is named from Latin 'deep bender of the fingers'.
The deep layer of the precursor extensor mass is known to be phylogenetically unstable and is undergoing evolution as high variability is seen in non-human primates. [5] [8] [9] [10] In humans, anomalous or additional muscles can be seen in small portion of population. Anomalous muscles in human extensor compartment are listed as follow:
The splenius capitis (/ ˈ s p l iː n i ə s ˈ k æ p ɪ t ɪ s /) (from Greek splēníon 'bandage' and Latin caput 'head' [1] [2]) is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from the vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It is involved in movements such as shaking the head.