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Eugenol / ˈ j uː dʒ ɪ n ɒ l / is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. [2] It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove , nutmeg , cinnamon , basil and bay leaf .
Oil of clove, also known as clove oil or eugenol, is an essential oil extracted from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Clove oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and for flavoring food, tea, and toothpaste .
In addition to being found in rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil, it also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils.With a rose-like scent, it is commonly used in perfumes and in scents such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry.
The compound eugenol is responsible for most of the characteristic aroma of cloves. Eugenol comprises 72–90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves, and is the compound most responsible for clove aroma. [14] [53] Complete extraction occurs at 80 minutes in pressurized water at 125 °C (257 °F). [54]
Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is a material created by the combination of zinc oxide and eugenol contained in clove oil. An acid–base reaction takes place with the formation of zinc eugenolate chelate. The reaction is catalysed by water and is accelerated by the presence of metal salts.
It can be synthesized from eugenol and has been used in the manufacture of vanillin. It may occur as either the cis (Z) or trans (E) isomer. Trans (E) isoeugenol is crystalline while cis (Z) isoeugenol is a liquid. [6] Isoeugenol is one of several phenolic compounds responsible for the mold-inhibiting effect of smoke on meats and cheeses. [7]
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The essential oil consists of approximately 90% terpene hydrocarbons. [4] Prominent components are sabinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene. [5] A major oxygen-containing component is terpinen-4-ol. [6] The oil also contains small amounts of various phenolic compounds and aromatic ethers, e.g. myristicin, elemicin, safrole, and methyl eugenol.
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