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The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.They speak the Caddo language.. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. [2]
The Kadohadacho are enrolled members of the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma, along with the Hasinai, the Hainai, and other Caddo tribes. [6] The Kadohadacho dialect of the Caddo language, closely related to the Hasinai and Natchitoche dialects, is still spoken today.
The Natchitoches (/ ˈ n æ k ə t ɪ ʃ / NAK-ə-tish; Caddo: Náshit'ush) [2] are a Native American tribe from northwestern Louisiana [1] and Texas.They organized themselves in one of the three Caddo-speaking confederacies along with the Hasinai (between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas), and Kadohadacho (at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana).
The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma (previously known as the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma) reorganized and set up a constitutional government in the 20th century and is a federally recognized tribe. A tribal constitution provides for an elected tribal council of eight members with a chairperson. The tribe is based in Binger, Oklahoma. [14]
The Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana (also known as Adai Caddo Indian Nation of Louisiana and the Adai Caddo Tribe) is a state-recognized tribe in Louisiana [1] and 501(c)(3) organization in Robeline, Louisiana. [5] Its members identify as descendants of the Adai people. [6] [7] [8] The chief is John Mark Davis, as of 2023. [9] [4]
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The Washita River, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, and Washita County, Oklahoma, were also named for the tribe, [6] as well as the town of Washita, Oklahoma. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the name comes from the French transliteration of the Caddo word washita, meaning "good hunting grounds". [7]
In 1716, Spanish colonists founded the Mission of San Miguel de Linares, also known as the Mission of Adayes, [3] to convert the Adai, Natchitoches, and other Caddo people to Roman Catholicism. [1] The French and their Native allies destroyed that mission in 1719 but the Spanish rebuilt in 1721. [ 1 ]