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The name Lao is used almost exclusively by the majority population of Laos, the Lao people, and two of the three other members of the Lao-Phutai subfamily of Southwestern Tai: Isan people (occasionally), Nyaw people and Phu Thai speakers. The name Rau comes from Zhuang raeu z and means 'we, us'.
The Khmu were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. It is generally believed the Khmu once inhabited a much larger area. After the influx of Thai/Lao peoples into the lowlands of Southeast Asia, the Khmu were forced to higher ground (), above the rice-growing lowland Lao and below the Hmong/Mien groups that inhabit the highest regions, where they practiced swidden agriculture. [5]
The Dai people form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. By extension, the term can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Yai, Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general. For other names, see the table below.
The word Lü (ລື້) is similar to the Lao people in the Tai Lü language.Tai Lü can be written as Tai Lue, Dai Le and Dai Lue.They are also known as Xishuangbanna Dai, Sipsongpanna Tailurian and Tai Sipsongpanna.
The term Hmong is the English pronunciation of the Hmong's native name. It is a singular and plural noun (e.g., Japanese, French, etc.). Very little is known about the native Hmong name as it is not mentioned in Chinese historical records, since the Han identified the Hmong as Miao.
The Chinese name for this group is Sanda 三达, while the Dai name is Lanqian 兰千. The Sanda claim to have migrated from Yibang 倚邦 and Yiwu 易武. Initially, they were classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Yi, but currently they are classified as ethnic Hani. Haini 海尼: in Jinggu; Huagu 花姑: in Yuanyang; Aka 阿卡: in Puer
Northeastern Thai (including the Tai Kaleun and Isan people) Tai Nuea [ 2 ] Kassak (located to the south and southeast of Luang Prabang , in an area bounded by the Nam Khan River, Phu Hin Salik, Nam Sanane River, Nam Ming River, and Nam Khan River up to Xieng Ngeun District).
Lao people also believe in thirty-two spirits known as khwan (ຂວັນ, ขวัญ, ) that protect the body, and baci (ບາສີ, [baː siː], บายศรี, [bɑj siː]) ceremonies are undertaken during momentous occasions or times of anxiety to bind the spirits to the body, as their absence is believed to invite illness or harm.