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In addition, the movement weakened the authority of the British and aided in the end of the British Empire in India. Overall, the civil disobedience Movement was an essential achievement in the history of Indian self-rule because it persuaded New Delhi of the role of the masses in self-determination .
The East India Company officers lived lavish lives, the company finances were in shambles, and the company's effectiveness in India was examined by the British crown after 1858. As a result, the East India Company lost its powers of government and British India formally came under direct Crown control, with an appointed Governor-General of ...
Later that year, the British Exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and the Labour government conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces for continuing to control an increasingly restless British India, [122] [123] decided to end British rule of India ...
Political warfare in British colonial India aided a British minority in maintaining control over large parts of present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Burma. The East India Company obtained a foothold in India in 1757 and from that start expanded the territory it controlled until it was the primary power in the subcontinent.
The only war-formed division to serve in India was the 16th Indian Division formed in 1916, it was also stationed on the North West Frontier. [3] [a] All these divisions were still in place and took part in the Third Afghan War at the end of World War I. [3] In supporting the war effort, India was left vulnerable to hostile action from Afghanistan.
It provided over 2 million soldiers, who fought numerous campaigns in the Middle East, and in the India-Burma front and also supplied billions of pounds to the British war effort. The Muslim and Sikh populations were strongly supportive of the British war effort, but the Hindu population was divided.
The Indian Army during British rule, also referred to as the British Indian Army, [9] [10] was the main military force of India until national independence in 1947. [9] Formed in 1895 by uniting the three Presidency armies, [11] it was responsible for the defence of both British India and the princely states, which could also have their own armies.
The government's exchequer had been exhausted by the Second World War and the British public did not appear to be enthusiastic about costly distant involvements. [65] [66] Late in 1945, the British government decided to end British Raj in India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948. [67]