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  2. Anatomical terms of location - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location

    If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. [38] The ventral (from Latin venter 'belly') surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism. [38] For example, in a fish, the pectoral fins are dorsal to the anal fin, but ventral to the dorsal fin. The terms are used in other contexts; for example dorsal and ventral gun ...

  3. Body cavity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_cavity

    The two largest human body cavities are the ventral body cavity, and the dorsal body cavity. In the dorsal body cavity the brain and spinal cord are located. The membranes that surround the central nervous system organs (the brain and the spinal cord, in the cranial and spinal cavities) are the three meninges. The differently lined spaces ...

  4. Polarity in embryogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_in_embryogenesis

    The point of sperm entry defines the dorso-ventral axis - cells opposite the region of sperm entry will eventually form the dorsal portion of the body. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] In the frog Xenopus laevis , the animal pole is heavily pigmented while the vegetal pole remains unpigmented. [ 4 ]

  5. Regional differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_differentiation

    At the two cell stage, the anterior cell is the AB cell while the posterior cell is the P1 cell. The dorsal/ventral axis of the animal is set by a random position of cells during the four cell stage of the embryo. The dorsal cell is the ABp cell while the ventral cell is the EMS cell. Localization of cytoplasmic determinants

  6. Two-streams hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-streams_hypothesis

    Goodale and Milner [2] amassed an array of anatomical, neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and behavioural evidence for their model. According to their data, the ventral 'perceptual' stream computes a detailed map of the world from visual input, which can then be used for cognitive operations, and the dorsal 'action' stream transforms incoming visual information to the requisite ...

  7. Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuro...

    Dorsal and ventral: In animals with linear nervous systems, the term dorsal (from the Latin dorsum, meaning "back") is synonymous with superior and the term ventral (from the Latin venter, meaning "belly") is synonymous with inferior. In humans, however, the terminology differs on either side of the midbrain-diencephalic junction.

  8. Limb development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_development

    Snakes are a particularly good example for studying limb loss, as they underwent limb loss and regeneration multiple times throughout their evolution before they finally lost their legs for good. Much of the gene expression during embryonic development is regulated via spatiotemporal and chemotactic signaling, [ 20 ] as depicted by the image to ...

  9. Apical ectodermal ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical_ectodermal_ridge

    Between E10.5-11, a linear and compact AER with a polystratified epithelial structure (3-4 layers) has formed and positioned itself at the distal dorso-ventral boundary of the bud. [6] [8] [9] [10] After reaching its maximum height, the AER in mouse limb buds flattens and eventually become indistinguishable from the dorsal and ventral ectoderm.